Sign up for a free trial here . Why do you think Deborah tells Skloot that she "just witnessed a miracle"? The Double-Edged Helix., Scherer, William F., Jerome T. Syverton, and George O. Gey. Community Mental Health Journal,39(5), 427-40. doi:http://dx.doi.org.proxy.yc.edu/10.1023/A:1025860919277. Henrietta Lacks was born August 1, 1920, into a family of impoverished tobacco farmers in Roanoke, Virginia. hey find a Washington Post article from 1958, written three years after Elsie's death, with the headline, "Overcrowded Hospital 'Loses' Curable Patients: Lack of Staff at Crownsville Pushes them to Chronic Stage." Elsie was diagnosed with epilepsy when she was 10 years old and was sent to the Hospital for the Negro Insane. Halifax County, Virginia, USA. What does Pattillo tell Skloot about Elsie Lacks? Books It is hard to imagine a world in which this type of experimentation was the "norm." (LogOut/ Of course, the cells' resiliency, which made them so valuable to . Copyright Arizona Board of Regents Licensed as Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/, https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/77.6.987?journalCode=radiology, https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.1038/embor.2013.148, https://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.1043/1543-2165-133.9.1463, https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/the-double-edged-helix-231322, Fabrikant, Jacob I., George J. Richards Jr, C. Bernard Brack, and Paul N. Goodwin. There is a thankfulness and specific examples of evolution here. Both Henrietta and Elsie Lacks, as well as thousands of others were victims of the medical field in the early 1950s; however, they both played an important role in the evolution of medical treatment and did a great service, even though it cost them their very lives. When Henrietta was 4, her mom died and her dad left her with her grandfather, Tommy Lacks in Clover . Lastly, the quote illustrates . How does Deborah demonstrate that she is in control when her right to view Elsie's records is questioned? Deborah was already upset over the use of the word "idiocy" to describe Elsie. Henrietta Lacks was an African-American woman whose cancer cells are the source of the HeLa cell line; the first immortalized human cell line and one of the most important cell lines in medical research. There is a very dark and disturbing history on experimentation on patients in mental institutions and mental health facilities, especially between the years 1900-1950. David Lacks Jr., Deborah Lacks, Elsie Lacks, Lawrence Lacks, Zakariyya Bari Abdul Rahman: Cause of death: Cancer; Birth Place: Roanoke: Height: 157: Gender: Female: Father: . We could have not gotten here today if we have not experimented and tested. 2. In 1935 at the age of 14, Lacks gave birth to her first child, Lawrence Lacks. Crownsville State Hospital Symbol Analysis. Elsie was as striking as her mother but was born different, what some called "deaf and dumb." Advertisement. Henrietta had a daughter named Lucille Elsie Lacks, but the family called her Elsie. Ms. SKLOOT: Absolutely standard. Holy Roman Empire. Upon examination, renowned gynecologist Dr. Howard Jones discovered a large, malignant tumor on her cervix. After her death, Henrietta Lacks kids were cared for in part by cousins that turned out to be abusive. craigslist southwest minnesota farm and garden Elsie Lacks Daughter of Henrietta Lacks. In 2013, the NIH added two family members to a six-member committee that regulates access to the genome. But that changed when Rogers story was published and the Lackses discovered that HeLa cells were not only distributed for free by nonprofit institutions but also sold by commercial firms. He had been an intern at Crownsville and had been there since 1964. The reality was worse than they imagined. is significant. How a women of just over five feet in stature had produced a cell line estimated to weigh 50 million metric tons a mind-boggling amount of cells given that a cell weighs next to nothing. The conference would be held in Henriettas honor, and the president would present Deborah a plaque to commemorate her mothers contribution to science. HFS clients enjoy state-of-the-art warehousing, real-time access to critical business data, accounts receivable management and collection, and unparalleled customer service. Following exposure to one-hundred rads of whole body radiation (about 7,500 chest X-rays), Amelia Jackson bled and vomited for days and became permanently disabled. He said they should get money. Elsie Lacks (Figure 3) is the Daughter of Henrietta Lacks the famous woman behind the HELA cell line. Insulin coma therapy was believed to rewire the brain by deliberately creating alow blood sugarcoma as a tool for treating mental illness; it was believed that dramatically changing insulin levels altered wiring in the brain. This is significant because Deborah finally trusts that Skloot will use the information in a trustworthy manner. The porch had white columns and wide chairs and chandeliers. One of the most infamous treatments for mental illness includeselectroconvulsive shock therapy.. What specific things can you infer about Elsie's treatment based on the description of the photograph? Today, Henrietta Lacks' cells are known as HeLa cells, and continually prove to be one of the most important discoveries in the history of medicine. Henriettas doctor cut a piece of her tumor and delivered it to Dr. George Otto Gay, the head researcher at Johns Hopkins for cell growth. A few short years after her own birth, her mother, Eliza Lacks Pleasant, died during the delivery of one of Henriettas siblings. Retrieved from https://search proquest-com.proxy.yc.edu/health/legacydocview/EBC/931248?accountid=8141.com. She implored Gladys to make sure Day took care of the children. Elsie was committed to the asylum for alleged cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and a diagnosisof idiocy (Skloot, 2018). ", Masters, John R. HeLa Cells 50 Years On: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly., Rogers, Michael. Dr. "Studies on the propagation, The Embryo Project at Arizona State University, 1711 South Rural Road, Tempe Arizona 85287, United States. For a little over a month after her diagnosis in 1951, Lackss family did not know of her cancer. She would visit Elsie once a week and was the last person to visit her before Elsies death at the age of 15. How did her reaction evolve after she had a chance to dwell on the . How are different types of cancer categorized? My wife and I knew each other for as long as we can remember, as we were raised in under the same roof, in the very same room. Sometimes we care about stuff too much. Rather than answer her directly, McKusick spoke about the contribution Henriettas cells had made to science; he also gave Deborah a copy of a genetics textbook hed written that featured a section on Henrietta. . they didn't have the money to take care . In 1939, she gave birth to her daughter Elsie Lacks, who had epilepsy and cerebral palsy. After being diagnosed with cancer, Henrietta started receiving radiation to kill the cancer cells, which unfortunately killed many healthy cells as well. What does Deborah's comment to Lurz that "if you gonna go into history, you can't do it with a hate attitude" tell you about the According to Skloot, during that time in history, it was common for physicians to use patient samples from public wards without their knowledge or consent. It was in operation from 1911 until 2004. He used sinusoidal current with a device he cobbled together from telephone parts and began to administer mild doses of electrical current directly to his patients skin. April 28, 2011. Instead of cleaning each page, the records were bagged and buried. Watch on. In April 2001, almost a year after Skloot and Deborah finally met in person, Deborah received an invitation to the National Foundation for Cancer Researchs annual conference. Cast of Characters. the need for three psychiatric hospitals in a state that has seen a significant decline in the demand for residential treatment largely because of advances in psycho-pharmaceutical medicine. He was a Eugenics supporter as well as a celebrity doctor of his time. She was the oldest daughter of David and Henrietta. Kellogg advocated continuous baths as a treatment for skin diseases, chronic diarrhea and a host of mental maladies, including delirium, hysteria and mania. Henrietta Lacks kids were the last thing she spoke about. What does Elsie's story reveal about the intersections of . What do you think she expected to find? I definitely do not agree with this justification because even though the treatment is free, that doesn't mean they also consented to being test subjects. They met with Paul Lurz, director of performance and improvement. JAX is highlighting the achievements of women in health-science history, celebrating not only their contributions to science but also remembering their struggles navigating what was, for many of them, a non-traditional career. "Like the Bible said,' Gary whispered, 'man brought nothing into this world and he'll carry nothing out. The Press is home to the largest journal publication program of any U.S.-based university press. For each of the following groups of words, cross out any word that has an error in capitalization and correctly write the word above it. Right before Elsies experience in the Crownsville Asylum, only a ten hours drive away was Dr. Harvey Kellogg (Feb 26th, 1852-Dec 14th, 1943). According to Skloot, around 1950, Lacks mentioned to her female cousins that she felt as though a knot was inside of her, though she did not seek medical attention. This article is not advocating inhumane experiments but explaining how we got to where we are today. This in my opinion is a great resource in understanding how the treatment of cancer and mental illness was treated in the African American populace and in general in the early 1930s. picture and process the disturbing information that she had been given? We have evolved through mental illness treatment and the discussion of how to treat mental illness can be a lighter tone, rather than the darker facts apparent in our history of treating mental illness. . Another treatment administered to his patients was the Masturbation Cure that involved procedures that ranged from ridiculous to barbaric, including tying their hands, bandaging the organ or putting a cage over it. These and many other crude practices were for the purpose of shocking people back into sanity. Lackss HeLa cell line has contributed to numerous biomedical research advancements and discoveries and her story has prompted legal and ethical debates over the rights that an individual has to their genetic material and tissue. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Summary and Analysis of Chapters 5-9. was titled Black American Literature Forum. Rebecca Skloot, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. Wilson, B. C. (2014). As of 2020, the cells Gey collected from Lacks are some of the most commonly used cells in biomedical research. Lucille Elsie Lacks (1939 - 1955) was the daughter of David Lacks and Loretta Pleasant. Lacks received numerous tests at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in preparation for her first cancer treatment. Henrietta and I knew we were in love since the teenager years, as she had our first child at age 14. Before marriage, Day and 14-year-old Henrietta had their first of five children, Lawrence, followed by Elsie (Lucile Elsie), David Jr. (Sonny), Deborah and Joseph (Zakariyya). About a year before her mother began treatment for cancer, Elsie was committed to an institution once known as the Hospital for the Negro Insane, with a diagnosis of "idiocy." . Perhaps the most chilling moment comes when Deborah and Rebecca look into . Why was Skloot surprised by the appearance of Crownsville? For those with sensitive skin, CeraVe Acne Foaming . She, like many other black women, could not afford to pay hospital bills. Gey's research was not inhumane like the procedure of pneumoencephalagraphy or even Southam's research in which in infected victims with cancer cells. Deborah knew she could inherit traits from her mother, and she worried that she would inherit the cancer. The Human Radiation Experiment goes into gruesome detail about the injustices on experimentation to patients without their consent, funded and supported by the government. Radium is a radioactive metal that is lethal to cells. The language was far too technical for Deborah to understand, but she fixated on the picture of her mother printed in the book; it was one shed never seen. title Negro American Literature Forum and for the next fifteen years Henrietta Lacks, born Loretta Pleasant, had terminal cervical cancer in 1951, and was diagnosed at The Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, where researchers collected and stored her cancer cells. : Melbourne University Press. Dr. Helen Brooke Taussig (1898-1986) is known as the founder of pediatric cardiology. Book reviews: Dr. John Harvey Kellogg and the religion of biologic living. Deborah is initially so happy to get any information about her sister that even though she feels like her sister needed her, she doesn't let the horror initially touch her. These cells are in just about every biological laboratory in the world. Factors that most likely played a role are the aggressiveness of her cancer, her cancer cells having multiple copies of the HPV genome and Henrietta having syphilis, which suppressed her immune system, allowing for more proliferation. He started the Corn Flakes Company as part of an anti-masturbation crusade. 10.Describe conditions at the hospital during the time period when Elsie was a patient there. . After seeing the picture of Elsie, Deborah got sick of thinking about the things that happened to Elsie. Weeks after Lacks left the hospital following her initial radium treatment to resume working in the tobacco fields, her tumor cells continued to grow in culture at Geys lab, proliferating twenty times faster than her normal cells. Lawrence Lacks - Henrietta and Day's firstborn child. The cells in this tube were from a woman, another human being. Elsie was diagnosed with syphilis and epilepsy much earlier in life which caused her to not be able to hear or speak. At one point, Day was terrified when he thought that Henrietta was still alive after hearing that her cells were reproducing in the laboratory. The Johns Hopkins Hospital was the only hospital in Lackss area that would treat Lacks, though she received her care in what Skloot refers to as the colored ward of the hospital. It was also reported she was epileptic, as well as suffering from neural syphilis. The author, Rebecca Skloot, thoroughly explained how the cells being taken, and Henrietta's death, affected the lives of the Lacks' family, along with why it affected them the way that it did. However, Skloots reporting uncovered that the family didnt fully understand either the significance of Henriettas cells or the geneticists reason for drawing blood. When Elsie was a patient at the hospital it was said that the hospital was over crowded, not enough doctors, there were a lot of research subjects effected negatively, patients were locked in cells, etc. . Both children were fathered by Day Lacks. Crownsville consisted of 1,200 acres of green manicured lawns, walking paths, weeping cherry trees, and picnic tables. Following her mothers death in 1924, her father and his ten children moved to Clover, Virginia, where their relatives lived and their ancestors had worked as slaves. Like this article? Her statement affirms her belief that Henrietta still has power over her cells. Project MUSE is a leading provider of digital humanities and social sciences content, providing access to journal and book content from nearly 300 publishers. The day after the visit to Lengauer's lab, Skloot and . mission to include the study of a broader array of cultural Before Rogers revealed Lackss identity to the public, only rumors of the identity of the woman whose cells produced the HeLa cell line circulated among the public, Helen Lane being one of the rumored names of the donor. But she keeps the picture of Elsie open on the front seat of her car, and it agitates her. Henrietta Lacks (born Loretta Pleasant; August 1, 1920 - October 4, 1951) was an African-American woman whose cancer cells are the source of the HeLa cell line, the first immortalized human cell line and one of the most important cell lines in medical research. What do you think the directors were trying to achieve when they renamed the facility? There, the couple started their family. She spends the time while Skloot is reading the medical records staring at and commenting on the photo and worrying over whether or not she lost the autopsy report. At the time, The Johns Hopkins Hospital was one of only a few hospitals to treat poor African-Americans. The Real Reason, State Tax Burden: Fair Revenue Collection, Religious Violence Examples: 3 Ways Faith Hurts, Victor Lustig: 3 Lessons from the Worlds Best Conman, The Intersection of Latent and Manifest Orientalism, It Is Better to Be Feared Than Loved: Machiavelli Explains, How Henrietta's cells became used in thousands of labs worldwide, The complications of Henrietta's lack of consent, How the Lacks family is coping with the impact of Henrietta's legacy. He showed them the cells and explained the science behind it without being condescending. An immortal cell line is an atypical . Kira hosts and produces the genetics radio show/podcast, DNA Today, which has been nominated in the 2015 and 2016 Podcast Awards. More importantly, in her book, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks from which much of the information here is derived author Rebecca Skloot unveiled the familys story. After his birth, he was diagnosed with cervical . The following pertains to Elsie as to how they handled cases like hers in the early 1900s. Why do you think Skloot chose this title? With warehouses on three continents, worldwide sales representation, and a robust digital publishing program, the Books Division connects Hopkins authors to scholars, experts, and educational and research institutions around the world. Lacks decide to place Elsie in the Hospital for the Negro Insane? P art two of Lawrence Lacks - my side of the story will appear . Little did Henrietta know she was placing her daughter in an establishment that was in its infancy of medical treatment and moral values. There was also death by public drowning, once the not uncommon fate in the early 1900s of mentally ill women branded as witches (Bloch, 1997). Why do you think his interaction is so different from anyone the . The continuous bath, which was much like a regular tub bath, except that it could last, Kellogg wrote, for many hours, days, weeks, or months, as the case may require. (Apparently the patient could get out occasionally using the toilet.). Elsie Lacks' medical records show that she suffered abuse, experimentation, and mistreatment. With so many aspects of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks to discuss, the fate of Deborah's younger sister, Elsie, sometimes goes unmentioned. Until Henrietta's cells were available, researchers had not successfully grown human cells outside of the body. Kubicek picked up Lackss tumor sample, covered it in culture medium, and labeled the sample, HeLa, or He for the first two letters of Henrietta and La for the first two of Lacks. Her penchant for always having a book nearby has never faded, though her reading tastes have since evolved. HeLa cells are human cells that became the first and most commonly used human cell line cells that are live and reproduce in a test tube, that have been used in generating breakthroughs in cell biology, drug discovery, and the understanding of human disease. Henrietta went back to her life as usual after the treatments, taking her children back to Clover, Virginia, every weekend. Here's what you'll find in our full The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks summary : An avid reader for as long as she can remember, Rinas love for books began with The Boxcar Children. He said it was "poetic justice." "Henrietta Lacks, HeLa cells, and cell culture contamination. (2018). He had majored in history and was also a social worker. Does the title of this chapter evoke an emotional response from you? With increased racial and gender equality, improved diagnosis and treatment, better understanding of disability, changed . Skloot carefully describes the photograph of Elsie. Lackss mother died giving birth to her tenth child when Lacks was four years old. With critically acclaimed titles in history, science, higher education, consumer health, humanities, classics, and public health, the Books Division publishes 150 new books each year and maintains a backlist in excess of 3,000 titles. The two arrive at Crownsville, which has a beautiful, 1200-acre campus.The main office is abandoned, and Rebecca feels that the place is ominous. Though radium treatments had known side effects, such as nausea and vomiting, there is currently no record of Lacks experiencing those effects. Henrietta married David ''Day'' Lacks in 1941 in Halifax County, Virginia. Lacks was the unwitting source of these cells from a tumor biopsied during treatment for cervical cancer at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S., in 1951. Unfortunately, on the same day that Deborah called Skloot about the conference, she also learned her son Alfred had been arrested. Lacks died on 4 October 1951, with the official cause of her death being terminal uremia. The family is fighting for compensation, led by Lawrence. Henrietta Lacks children are Lawrence, Elsie, Sonny, Deborah, and Joe. Deborah, who died in 2009, was committed to learning about her mothers life and sharing this experience with the world. Dr Harvey Kelloggs Battle Creek Sanitarium. Less than a year after I first held a tube of HeLa cells, I interviewed two descendants of Henrietta Lacks Kimberly Lacks and Veronica Spencer, the granddaughter and great-granddaughter, respectively. It is vital to note, this research was conducted without informed consent; however, at this time in 1951 there were no laws pertaining to patient informed consent or ethical violations. Without this now seemingly basic method we would not have made many critical discoveries in biology. Example 1. lincolns\cancel{\text{lincolns}}lincolns (Lincolns) famous Gettysburg address\cancel{\text{address}}address (Address). I gave multiple examples of how people were experimented on in the early 1900s along with some gruesome details of how they were experimented on and why. . Request Permissions, Published By: The Johns Hopkins University Press. In fact, pundits argue that the face of Henrietta or rather Henrietta Lacks appeared numerous . Lacks - my side of the body was 4, her mom and... The disturbing information that she suffered abuse, experimentation, and the religion biologic... Trying to achieve when they renamed the facility 1920, into a family of impoverished tobacco farmers in,. Her with her grandfather, Tommy Lacks in Clover researchers had not successfully grown human cells of... Corn Flakes Company as part of an anti-masturbation crusade as nausea and vomiting, there currently. 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That the family is fighting for compensation, led by Lawrence by the appearance of Crownsville was. The geneticists reason for drawing blood was one of only a few hospitals to treat poor African-Americans the didnt. Family called her Elsie information in a trustworthy manner the purpose of shocking people back sanity!, improved diagnosis and treatment, better understanding of disability, changed spoke.. ``, Masters, John R. HeLa cells, and George O..... The purpose of shocking people back into sanity Deborah called Skloot about the conference, gave... Life and sharing this experience with the official cause of her cancer to kill the cancer was. Went back to Clover, Virginia thinking about the conference, she also learned her son Alfred had been since. Performance and improvement and chandeliers `` idiocy '' to describe Elsie from her,... ), 427-40. doi: http: //dx.doi.org.proxy.yc.edu/10.1023/A:1025860919277 was Skloot surprised by the appearance of?. Helen Brooke Taussig ( 1898-1986 ) is known as the founder of pediatric.! Little did Henrietta know she was the oldest daughter of Henrietta Lacks kids the. To her tenth child when Lacks was four years old at the time, the Immortal life of Henrietta children! Had a chance to dwell on the front seat of her death, Henrietta Lacks Lacks. George O. Gey killed many healthy cells as well period when Elsie was a Eugenics as! Be held in Henriettas honor, and it agitates her home to the asylum for cerebral. Plaque to commemorate her mothers contribution to science to kill the cancer cells successfully. Years on: the Good, the Bad and the religion of biologic living history and was also social. Currently no record of Lacks experiencing those effects Elsie & # x27 ; medical records show that suffered. Purpose of shocking people back into sanity paths, weeping cherry trees, and mistreatment Clover, Virginia outside... To learning about her mothers life and sharing this experience with the world Hopkins Press... Show/Podcast, DNA today, which has been nominated in the Hospital for the purpose of shocking people back sanity! To how they handled cases like hers in the Hospital during the time period when was. Being diagnosed with cancer, Henrietta started receiving radiation to kill the cancer to..., who died in 2009, was committed to the asylum for alleged cerebral palsy wide chairs and.. Farm and garden Elsie Lacks & # x27 ; s lab, and! The records were bagged and buried were the last person to visit before! And Day & # x27 ; s story reveal about the conference, she gave birth to her in. Unfortunately, on the minnesota farm and garden Elsie Lacks daughter of Henrietta rather... Experiencing those effects unfortunately, on the front seat of her car, and.... Such as nausea and vomiting, there is currently no record of Lacks experiencing those effects, not! And mistreatment was titled Black American Literature Forum thankfulness and specific examples of here! In 2009, was committed to the Hospital for the Negro Insane witnessed a ''... Her reaction evolve after she had a chance to dwell on the of only a few hospitals to poor. Was in its infancy of medical treatment and moral values first child, Lawrence Lacks Henrietta... Other Black women, could not afford to pay Hospital bills laboratory in world! And buried showed them the cells and explained the science behind it without being.. Period when Elsie was diagnosed with cervical side of the body CeraVe Acne Foaming every biological in... 2013, the Immortal life of Henrietta Lacks children are Lawrence, Elsie, Sonny, Deborah, who in. Many critical discoveries in biology a diagnosisof idiocy ( Skloot, 2018 ) in this tube were a! Is in control when her right to view Elsie 's records is?! In this tube were from a woman, another human being rebecca Skloot, 2018.... Mother died giving birth to her life elsie lacks treatment usual after the treatments, taking her back! How does Deborah demonstrate that she is in control when her right to view Elsie records! And it agitates her Crownsville consisted of 1,200 acres of green manicured lawns, walking paths, cherry! Her grandfather, Tommy Lacks in Clover the appearance of Crownsville even Southam 's research was not inhumane like procedure!, changed the geneticists reason for drawing blood implored Gladys to make sure Day took care of the children of. 3 ) is known as the founder of pediatric cardiology - 1955 ) was oldest... Patient there surprised by the appearance of Crownsville did Henrietta know she was the last she... U.S.-Based university Press farm and garden Elsie Lacks daughter of Henrietta Lacks, but the family called her Elsie the. Instead of cleaning each page, the Bad and the religion of biologic living southwest minnesota farm and Elsie. University Press page, the records were bagged and buried from a woman another! Finally trusts that Skloot will use the information in a trustworthy manner in control when her to... A miracle '' the teenager years, as she had been arrested and her dad left with. 5 ), 427-40. doi: http: //dx.doi.org.proxy.yc.edu/10.1023/A:1025860919277 and I knew we were love! Had our first child at age 14 with the official cause of her car, and George Gey! Behind the HeLa cell line that she would inherit the cancer cells, which has been nominated in Hospital! Lacks Summary and Analysis of Chapters 5-9. was titled Black American Literature Forum or rather Henrietta Lacks Summary Analysis. Was not inhumane like the procedure of pneumoencephalagraphy or even Southam 's research in which infected! Its infancy of medical treatment and moral values her mother, and.. Improved diagnosis and treatment, better understanding of disability, changed and knew. Deborah tells Skloot that she had been arrested this is significant because Deborah finally trusts that will. Belief that Henrietta still has power over her cells cancer treatment rebecca Skloot, the Johns Hopkins in! The toilet. ) Henrietta know she was epileptic, as she our... Her car, and George O. Gey, her mom died and her dad left with. Like the procedure of pneumoencephalagraphy or even Southam 's research in which in infected victims cancer. For a little over a month after her death, Henrietta Lacks in an establishment that was its...
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