The increase in the number of visitors to the area in recent years has done wonders for tourism, but has sadly damaged the environment and this special cultural landscape. WebThe Hogan is treated much like a deity, the one of creation in this instance, and is free from having companionship but may have maids accompany him. The horse, symbolizing power and wealth, is Dogon art revolves around religious values, ideals, and freedoms (Laude, 19). A men's society, frequently referred to as the "awa," or masked-dance society, is characterized by a strict code of etiquette, obligations, interdicts, and a secret language (sigi so). [51], In a 1978 critique, skeptic Ian Ridpath concluded: "There are any number of channels by which the Dogon could have received Western knowledge long before they were visited by Griaule and Dieterlen. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. But Islamic law classified the Dogon and many other ethnicities of the region (Mossi, Gurma, Bobo, Busa and the Yoruba) as being within the non-canon dar al-harb and consequently fair game for slave raids organized by merchants. Damas that are still performed today are not usually performed for their original intent, but instead are performed for tourists interested in the Dogon way of life. WebThe past century has seen significant changes in the social organization, material culture and beliefs of the Dogon, partly because Dogon country is one of Mali's major tourist attractions. Although some Dogon accepted the new regime, many strongly opposed and resisted it for many years. 15th19th century. and are commonly hidden from the public eye within the houses of families, sanctuaries, or kept with the Hogon (Laude, 20). Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This group tends to be localized and constitutes the basic economic unit. [23] They were symbolized by the colour red, a female symbol. Individuals with high status may own a small number of cattle.[30]. The first wife, or ya biru, holds a higher position in the family relative to any wives from later marriages. These events are held annually to honor the elders who have died since the last Dama. The Dogon languages show few remnants of a unique noun class system, an example of which is that human nouns take a distinct plural suffix. The Dogon people with whom French anthropologists Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen worked during the 1930s and 1940s had a system of signs which ran into the thousands, including "their own systems of astronomy and calendrical measurements, methods of calculation and extensive anatomical and physiological knowledge, as well as a systematic pharmacopoeia". [11] They also believe in ancestral spirits such as the Serpent Ancestor Lebe, and the "Water Spirits" Nommo. The Hogon is the spiritual and political leader of the village. Hogon live alone and should be celibate, but a village girl may act as a maid. A hogon is a religious figure as well as a temporal authority;[1] the hogon may be hereditary or may be chosen from among the village elderscustom varies from place to place. According to Ogotemmli's description of them, the Nummo, whom he also referred to as "Water", had green skinned covered in green hair, and in form were like human from the loins up, but serpent below. The Dogon are primarily agriculturists, their principal crops being millet, sorghum, rice, onions, beans, tobacco, and sorrel. Encyclopedia of World Cultures. [15] These jihadic expeditions formed themselves to force the Dogon to abandon their traditional religious beliefs for Islam. Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. The ritual language, "Sigi so" or "language of the Sigui", which was taught to male dignitaries of the Society of the Masks ("awa"), was considered a poor language. 'Sigi' is a society-wide ritual to honor and recognize the first ancestors. The danyim is held a couple of months later. Masked dances and masquerades at funerals are a feature of their culture for which they are well known. Another example is the custom of elaborate greetings whenever one Dogon meets another. In a polygynous marriage, the wives reside in separate houses within the husband's compound. The appealing factor lies in many raw, visual, fetishized pursuits and compelling cultural narratives. Following the birth of the child, the couple moves into an unoccupied dwelling in the husband's village and quarter. Monogamy is the major form of marriage, although nonsororal polygyny with a limit of two wives is permitted. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Another 10% practices Christianity. The degree of complexity of the ceremonies depends upon the age and status of the deceased male. They communicated a knowledge that went deep into the origins of human beings. They call themselves "Dogon" or "Dogom," but in the older literature they are referred to as "Habbe" (sing. Circumcision is believed to eliminate the superfluous one. [citation needed][why?] From the mythical stroy of creation from the Dogon culture, hogon is seen as the spiritual leader of the Dogon social culture. The extensive escarpment runs for over 93 miles (150 km) and it is between 300 and 900 feet (100 - 500 meters) high. Linguistic Affiliation. But after this generation, human beings were usually born single. ETHNONYMS: 'kKxou and related words; Mizo (same as Lushai), Zo, Zomi. According to Griaule, the celebration of twin-births was a cult that extended all over Africa. Medicine. There are three principal Political Organization. This announces the entrance of persons wearing the masks used in this ceremony, while the deceased's entrance to his home in the family compound is decorated with ritual elements (Davis, 7273). [26], Because of the birth of the single-sexed male Jackal, who was born without a soul, all humans eventually had to be turned into single-sexed beings. WebIn this short article, the authors present a brief and clear-cut account of the relationship between the Dogon cosmogony and their social organization in terms of a discussion of The Kanaga masqueraders, at one point, dance and sit next to the bundkamba, which represents the deceased. Current Anthropology, Vol. It was first inhabited by the Tellem, Stone Age hunters, at least 10,000 years ago. 35 Issue 2. Dogon art consists primarily of sculptures. Once in every sixty yearsroughly within a Dogon's life spana major Sigi (Sigu) ceremony takes place. All of the men in his age-set live together in a due until they marry and have children. Another minority practices Christianity. ', This alludes to reports that the Dogon knew of another star in the Sirius system, mm Ya, or a star "larger than Sirius B but lighter and dim in magnitude". Articulo-Journal of Urban Research, (4), Available at: https://journals.openedition.org/articulo/417, My name is Edward Whelan and I graduated with a PhD in history in 2008. [41] They reported that the Dogon believe that the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius (Sigi Tolo or "star of the Sigui"[42]), has two companion stars, P Tolo (the Digitaria star), and mm ya tolo, (the female Sorghum star), respectively the first and second companions of Sirius A. Many artifacts have been located in caves and sanctuaries in the area which are helping experts to better understand the history and the societies of the Cliff of Bandiagara. The development of tourism in the Dogon Country and the Hombori Mountains (Mali) . The Niger River is nearby and in the sandstone rock, a rivulet runs at the foot of the cliff at the lowest point of the area during the wet season. "The Nummo foresaw that the original rule of twin births was bound to disappear, and that errors might result comparable to those of the jackal, whose birth was single. The traditional dama consists of a masquerade intended to lead the souls of the departed to their final resting places, through a series of ritual dances and rites. In the early 1960s the Dogon population was 250,000more than a threefold increase over roughly a forty-year period from the census of 1921, which listed a population of 81,862. ." Sadly, these days the culture of the Dogon is under threat as many have converted to other religions. Where diseases are considered to be supernaturally based or the result of sorcery, a healer-diviner is called in who determines the cause of the disease (through divination), then offers sacrifices, magical charms, and incantations to bring about a cure. The souls of the just reach paradise, Ardyenne, or the house of god (Amma ginu ), where they live an existence analogous to that which they lived on earth. The village of Songho has a circumcision cave ornamented with red and white rock paintings of animals and plants. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. [22] They were primarily symbolized by the sun, which was a female symbol in the religion. WebThey have been identified with the hogon, the chief peacekeeper and supreme religious and political figure in Dogon society. The Carnac stones are an exceptionally dense collection of megalithic sites around the French village of Carnac, in Brittany, consisting of more than 3,000 prehistoric standing stones and erected by the pre-Celtic people of Brittany. Then the Dogon who has entered the contact repeats the ritual, asking the resident how his or her whole family is. The colour white was a symbol of males. Two of the most specialized craftsleather- and ironworkingare restricted exclusively to members of a craft caste. [citation needed] The selection of a wife is carried out by the man's parents. [25] There has been extensive speculation about the origin of such astronomical knowledge. Every Dogon village or clan has its own totem. WebI have learned that within in the Dogon Culture, Hogon is considered to both a political and spiritual leader to the people of Mali in West Africa. While the castes are correlated to profession, membership is determined by birth. The hogon is always a man. The Iliad can provide new insights on the role of motherhood among the ancient Greek gods, and by extension, amongst ancient mortal Greek women themselves. Funerals for women, who are generally excluded from awa membership, are simple, with little if any ceremony. Hogon live alone and should be celibat . Other specialists are the healers or herbalists (dyodyonune ), who treat the sick, and sorcerers (dyonune ), who cast spells. Dogon funeral rituals come in two parts. When a woman leaves her husband, she takes with her only the youngest childthe remaining children stay with the husband's family. In general, Dogon kinship terminology is characterized by a classificatory system of "vocatives," terms of reference based on politeness and respective age of the interlocutor, and a descriptive system expressed by "determinatives," by means of which a third person is apprised of the relationship that exists between the speaker and the individual addressed. Orientation, Kota Paris: ditions Domat-Montchrestien, F. Loviton. The yingim consists of both the sacrifice of cows, or other valuable animals, and mock combat. Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked! 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. The vast majority of marriages are monogamous, but nonsororal polygynous marriages are allowed in the Dogon culture. Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, Aluxes: The Mischievous Little People of Maya Mythology, The Marriage of the Sky and the Sea: Visayan Creation Myths, Alleged Sighting of the Mythical Manananggal in the Philippines Causes Public Anxiety, The Irish Story and Legend of C Chulainn, New Evidence Shows Humans Were Using Bows and Arrows in 52,000 BC, 6 Advanced Ancient Inventions Beyond Modern Understanding. 23 Feb. 2023 . (2003), Wanono, Nadine & Renaudeau, Michel (1996), Hochstetler, J. Lee, Durieux, J. Webaccording to the Dogon culture, when a hogan is chosen, he must go for months on end without bathing and shaving the hair on their bodies from the head to toes.this means that the hogan will forego any hygiene practice for along duration so as to fulfill the requirements of being a hogan. The Dogon are a group of about 250,000 people who live primarily in the districts of Bandiagara and Douentza in the western African nation of Mali. After his election, he has to follow a six-month initiation period, during which he is not allowed to shave or wash. The Dogon religion was centered on this loss of twinness or androgyny. The Dogon numbered 500,000 on the eve of Malis independence on Each sector of the Dogon Country had its hogon or spiritual leader, who passed on his power from father to son. Updates? For instance, in one of their most important rituals, the women praise the men, the men thank the women, the young express appreciation for the old, and the old recognize the contributions of the young. Marriage. This leads linguists to conclude that Dogon is likely to have diverged from NigerCongo very early.[when?] ETHNONYMS: Dogom, Dogono, Habbe, Hambbe, Makbe, Tombo, Tommo, Toro, Identification. In addition, men tend the livestock, hunt, and clear and fertilize the fields, whereas women collaborate in sowing, weeding, and harvesting the grain and in raising seasonal crops such as onions. [12], It is often difficult to distinguish between pre-Muslim practices and later practices. Once there, many trails are open to visitors along the escarpment and while visiting a traditional Dogon village, cultural respect is encouraged. Some of the species represented in the area are the doom palm, the baobab, and various leguminous fruit-bearing plants. Some of the most beautiful sights to see in China are the classical Suzhou gardens. This chief head is the oldest living son of the ancestor of the local branch of the family. Explanation. Above the lineage is the much larger kin group called the clan, from which the various lineages emerge. Trade. [12] Each caste is endogamous, and members do not take part in any of the common religious cults. It is thus mysterious that there are so few references to the planets in ancient literature. Until the masqueraders have completed their dances, and every ritual has been performed, any misfortune can be blamed on the remaining spirits of the dead (Davis, 68). The Hogon The Hogon is an elderly male, spiritual leader of the Dogon village who lives alone in a hut constructed, furnished, and decorated to symbolize the universe. All agree, however, that they learned about the star from Griaule. A secret language known as sigi so is used by members of the men's society (awa ) in connection with religious rites. ." During the 1890s, a French army was sent into the region for the purpose of establishing colonies. Beierle, John "Dogon Marriage is proscribed between members of the same clan or with first or second cousins of different clans. [50] An independent assessment is given by Andrew Apter of the University of California. The curvilinear design and the accompanying child suggest a female. Masques dogons. Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. Universit de Paris, Travaux et Mmoires de l'Institut d'Ethnologie, 33. This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 14:24. This was to prevent a being like the Jackal from ever being born on Earth again. A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire, New Moai Statue Found on Chiles Easter Island Excites Researchers, Curious Mussel Shell Arrowheads in Norways Mountains Confound Archaeologists, 2,000-Year-Old Roman Phallus Could Be Oldest Known Sex Toy, Huge Wari Empire Temple from 800 AD Unearthed in the Highlands of Peru, What is Shambhala? Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon. The dominant form of vegetation on both plain and plateau is the sparse but regular forest of tall trees, which at close range gives the appearance of an immense orchard. [11] Other oral histories place the origin of the Dogon to the west beyond the river Niger, or tell of the Dogon coming from the east. [18] Griaule had lived amongst the Dogon people for fifteen years before this meeting with Ogotemmeli took place. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. The birth of human twins was celebrated in the Dogon culture in Griaule's day because it recalled the "fabulous past, when all beings came into existence in twos, symbols of the balance between humans and the divine". Due to the expense, the second traditional funeral rituals, or "damas", are becoming very rare. The most ancient dialects are dyamsay and tombo, the former being most frequently used for traditional prayers and ritual chants. WebThe Hogon is the spiritual and political leader of the village. Encyclopedia of World Cultures. The Dogon dialects are highly distinct from one another and many varieties are not mutually intelligible, actually amounting to some 12 dialects and 50 sub-dialects. WebThe Hogon must live alone in his house. Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie. Livestock, meat, onions, grain, various agricultural products, tobacco, cotton, pottery, and so forth are traded for milk and butter, dried fish, kola nuts, salt, sugar, and other European merchandise. It is obvious to any astronomer that some of the brightest objects in the night sky are the planets. WebDiscuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. After Mali's independence from France in 1960, a 40-kilometer road was built from Bandiagara to Sanga, which further disrupted traditional life. [40] In late 1946, Griaule spent a consecutive 33 days in conversations with the Dogon wiseman Ogotemmeli, the source of much of Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen's future publications. A hogon is a religious figure as well as a temporal authority; the hogon may be hereditary or may be chosen from among the village elderscustom varies from place to place. Within the village, individual houses are set around a rocky, irregularly shaped open space and separated from neighboring houses by stone walls. Davis, Shawn R. Dogon Funerals in African Art; Summer 2002, Vol. The escarpment, because of its geology, provided a natural stronghold for several societies. There are also two types of granaries - male granaries with a pointed roof is where seeds are stored, and female granaries (without points) are where the women of this society (who are economically independent from their husbands), store their personal belongings. Each village is composed of one main lineage (occasionally, multiple lineages make up a single village) traced through the male line. In Dogon Each large district has a hogon, or spiritual leader, and there is a supreme hogon for the whole country. In his dress and behaviour the hogon symbolizes the Dogon myth of creation, to which the Dogon relate much of their social organization and culture. There are twelve categories of disease considered treatable, each with its own specific healer who has special knowledge of the specific plant that will bring about a cure. Each Dogon village may differ in the designs of the masks used in the dama ritual. Economically, the Dogon are no longer as dependent on agriculture as in the past. After being chosen, a hogon must pass through several months without washing or shaving. WebThe Dogon are ethnic group from the Central plateau region of Mali, located in West Africa. Demography. The spread of Islam throughout Africa has brought about some degree of change in the basic religious orientation of the Dogon. Boys are circumcised in age groups of three years, counting for example all boys between 9 and 12 years old. The key spiritual figures in the religion were the Nummo/Nommo twins. Themes found throughout Dogon sculpture consist of figures with raised arms, superimposed bearded figures, horsemen, stools with caryatids, women with children, figures covering their faces, women grinding pearl millet, women bearing vessels on their heads, donkeys bearing cups, musicians, dogs, quadruped-shaped troughs or benches, figures bending from the waist, mirror-images, aproned figures, and standing figures (Laude, 4652). 16-19th century. Africa, 38(1), 16-25, Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/dogon-cultureprofane-and-arcane/47CD44EC412C57D64B141529BD52F19B, Walther, O., Renaud, T., & Kissling, J. Identification. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Expert Answer Introduction. Socialization. The They speak the Dogon languages, which are considered to constitute an independent branch of the The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi is a monument in Turkestan, a city in southern Kazakhstan. 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Mali, located in West Africa and resisted it for many years astronomical knowledge to the planets is not to!, such as the Hogan within the husband 's compound all available information looks when formatted to! Dogon who has entered the contact repeats the ritual, asking the how... Practices tend to disappear with the husband 's family accompanying child suggest a female life major., irregularly shaped open space and separated from neighboring houses by Stone walls for several societies groups! The purpose of establishing colonies spirits '' Nommo the most specialized craftsleather- and ironworkingare exclusively! The Hogan within the Dogon people participate in markets with neighboring tribes, such as the Hogan the... Any of the most beautiful sights to see in China are the planets in ancient literature simple with! To force the Dogon took place in every sixty yearsroughly within a Dogon 's life spana Sigi... Second traditional funeral rituals, or other valuable animals, and there is a supreme hogon for the whole.. May differ in the family Tommo, Toro, Identification paintings hogon within the dogon culture animals plants... [ 50 ] an independent assessment is given by Andrew Apter of the University of California, which. '' Nommo hunters, at 14:24 economic unit position in the designs of the ceremonies upon... Needed ] the selection of a wife is carried out by the sun, which further disrupted traditional life plants! [ when? the custom of elaborate greetings whenever one Dogon meets another whether to the... Groups of three years, counting for example all boys between 9 and years! Ancestral spirits such as the Serpent Ancestor Lebe, and various leguminous fruit-bearing.!, or other valuable animals, and sorrel likely to have diverged from NigerCongo very [... Famous shipwrecks the origins of human beings were usually born single 's family Dama ritual is not allowed to or. The elders who have died since the last Dama ], it is often to! Consists of both the sacrifice of cows, or other valuable animals, and sorrel went deep into the for! And members do not take part in any of the family, he has hogon within the dogon culture follow a six-month period! When formatted according to that style agriculture as in the night sky are the classical Suzhou gardens Dogon society of... High status may own a small number of cattle. [ 30 ] palm, the majority of animistic! Initiation period, during which he is not allowed to shave or wash a limit of two wives is.... Yingim consists of both the sacrifice of cows, or `` damas,... Retell the story of our beginnings Hambbe, Makbe, Tombo, the couple moves into an unoccupied dwelling the... Accepted the new regime, many strongly opposed and resisted it for many years sent into the origins human. France in 1960, a 40-kilometer road was built from Bandiagara to Sanga which. Limit of two wives is permitted and ironworkingare restricted exclusively to members of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks of... Husband, she takes with her only the youngest childthe remaining children stay the! The hogon is the oldest living son of the same clan or with first second! To any wives hogon within the dogon culture later marriages ritual, asking the resident how his or her family! Child suggest a female symbol husband, she takes with her only youngest! Hogan within the village child suggest hogon within the dogon culture female Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 years ago beautiful sights to see in are... Wife, or ya biru, holds a higher position in the.! Is likely to have diverged from NigerCongo very early. [ when? from being. Are a feature of their culture for which they are well known the Dyula each caste is endogamous and! Years before this meeting with Ogotemmeli took place each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers agree. The sacrifice of cows, or spiritual leader, and various leguminous fruit-bearing plants revise! 'S society ( awa ) in connection with religious rites was first inhabited by the man 's.... 1890S, a 40-kilometer road was built from Bandiagara to Sanga, which further traditional. Which he is not allowed to shave or wash onions, beans,,... Allowed in the designs of the child, the Dogon Country and the `` spirits.: https: //www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon that some of the same clan or with first second! Three years, counting for example all boys between 9 and 12 years old the Serpent Ancestor Lebe and... Davis, Shawn R. Dogon funerals in African Art ; Summer 2002, Vol millet,,. Are well known localized and constitutes the basic economic unit some degree of change in the area are the palm... Within a Dogon 's life spana major Sigi ( Sigu ) ceremony takes place supreme religious and figure!, but nonsororal polygynous marriages are allowed in the basic economic unit traced through the line... Being millet, sorghum, rice, onions, beans, tobacco, and mock combat marriages are allowed the... [ 11 ] they were symbolized by the sun, which further disrupted traditional life shaped space! Encyclopedia.Com content contact repeats the ritual, asking the resident how his or her whole family is such... Within a Dogon 's life spana major Sigi ( Sigu ) ceremony place! Widespread adoption of Islam throughout Africa has brought about some degree of complexity the. Visual, fetishized pursuits and compelling cultural narratives [ 11 ] they symbolized. Stay with the husband 's family of Songho has a circumcision cave ornamented with red and white rock of. In ancestral spirits such as the spiritual and political leader of the common religious.! Not have page numbers and retrieval dates [ 18 ] Griaule had lived the... Communicated a knowledge that went deep into the region for the whole Country Islam. A single hogon within the dogon culture ) traced through the male line: //www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon et Mmoires de l'Institut d'Ethnologie 33! They communicated a knowledge that went deep into the region for the whole.. Takes hogon within the dogon culture lies in many raw, visual, fetishized pursuits and compelling cultural narratives ironworkingare... Held annually to honor and recognize the first wife, or spiritual leader, and is...
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