How did the founder of a group that recruited men like Malcolm X and Muhammed Ali slip under the radar so easily? The Nation of Islam refutes all statements that Muhammad and Dodd were the same person. 1 is the location setting for several scenes in the book. His original name was Wallace D. Fard, but he was also known by other aliases, such as Farad Muhammad, F. Muhammad Ali, Wali Farrad, and Professor Fard. This would suggest he was, in fact, diabetic. Artists who have made references within their music include Jay-Z ("I'm going to chase the Yacub back in the cave"[69]), Jay Electronica ("Lost tribe of Shabazz stylin' on the record", "The son of W.D., who hung around in the D, Who ran around in the three, The trap gods raised me, Face all on the Sphinx, Story all in the wall of the pyramids, Niggas know the Black God saved me"[69]), Brand Nubian ("This Asiatic black man is a dog spelled backwards, The maker, the owner, the cream of the planet earth, Father of civilization, God of the universe, Manifestin thought with my infinite styles, Making sure this travels twenty-three million miles, The other six I set the crucifix, Because the heart of the problem is this."[70]), and Ras Kass in the song "Riiiot" ("Now I got niggas claiming they saw God unfortunately, he wasn't in the person of Master Fard Muhammad").[71]. Fards demise as the leader of the temple was brought upon him when, on Thanksgiving Day in 1932, one of his followers, Robert Harris, renamed Robert Karriem, committed a human sacrifice in order to bring himself closer to Allah. His main goal, he often stated, was to bring salvation to African-Americans, whom he often referred to as his lost uncle in the wilderness of North America.. It's the late 1950s and the civil rights movement is beginning to emerge. He lived In Los Angeles. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In 2007, the Nation of Islam had an estimated membership of 20,00050,000. Chameleon: The True Story of W.D. Fard: Unveiling the Identity of the Founder of the Nation of Islam by Dr. John Andrew Morrow investigates theories of Fard's origin. "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader He declared that we were without the knowledge of self or anyone else. https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader, African American Religions: Muslim Movements, Muhammad, Elijah Karriem (18971975), Religious and Political Leader. She is employed despite her ethnicity because the managers are desperate for someone with a working knowledge of silk they rationalize the hire by discovering that her place of birth was Turkey, a Muslim country, although she is a practicing Greek Orthodox Christian. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. He taught a unique form of religion which was based on Islam to members of the city's African-American population. But I am not the same person who taught Elijah Muhammad and I am not God. Fard and his teachings are also referenced in many hip-hop songs. https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader, "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader The onset of the Great Depression in 1929 added to the crushing poverty and racial discrimination felt by many black people and made some of them receptive to Fard's new religious message. At his suggestion, he came back to teach the residents, along with guests. He declared the doom of America, for her evils to us was past due. He advocated community members to establish and own their own businesses,[13] eat healthy, raise families, and refrain from drugs and alcohol. Wallace Fard Muhammad was the founder of the Nation of Islam. He disappeared in 1934 after several arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the Nation of Islam. [4], Fard was arrested again on January 20, 1926, for violation of the California Woolwine Possession Act,[39] and on February 15, 1926, for violation of the State Poison Act, for which he was sentenced to six months to six years at San Quentin State Prison on June 12, 1926. We must give up the slave names of our slave-masters and accept the name of Allah (God) or one of His divine attributes. Hazel claimed he briefly returned to LA and lived with her before returning to New Zealand, from where she says he came. He claimed to have attended Oxford and the University of California, and then to have begun training as a diplomat for the kingdom of Hejaz (now a part of Saudi Arabia). Master W. D. Fard founded the Nation of Islam, or the "Black Muslim" movement, in a Detroit ghetto called Paradise Valley in July 1930. For some time, one W. D. Fard assumed leadership of the Moorish movement. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Elijah Muhammad was responsible for deifying Master Fard as Allah, or a black man as God, and declaring himself as Allah's Prophet or Messenger. The FBI report states that fingerprints from Muhammads arrests in Detroit match Fords fingerprints from arrests in Los Angeles. The Rise of the Black Internationale", "When Japan Was "Champion of the Darker Races": Satokata Takahashi and the Flowering of Black Messianic Nationalism", "The Voodoo Cult among Negro migrants in Detroit", Historical Analysis of FBI's COINTELPRO AND W. Fard Muhammad, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wallace_Fard_Muhammad&oldid=1141937668, Members of the Moorish Science Temple of America, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2022, Articles with disputed statements from July 2019, Articles with trivia sections from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The name Fard is a common surname in Pakistan as are other names he bestowed upon his followers such as Shabazz, Ghulam, and Kallatt, Interviews with long-time Nation figures who met him or saw original photos of him such as, Early teachings from Fard indicated a distrust and disdain for Hinduism, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 17:20. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. His concepts attracted hundreds of followers to the Allah Temple of Islam (ATI), as he called his group. [45], A February 19, 1963, FBI memorandum states: "In connection with efforts to disrupt and curb growth of the NOI, extensive research has been conducted into various files maintained by this office. Karriem cited a quotation from a book entitled Secret Rituals of the Lost-Found Nation of Islam, authored by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad, which read, The believer must be stabbed through the heart. This quote, as well as another stating, Every son of Islam must gain a victory from a devil. On the 1920 U.S. Census, Ford gave his race as White, his birthplace as New Zealand, and his age as 26. But his strict culinary concerns may have emerged from elsewhere: it is said he carried packets of sugar in his coat pocket and is said to have bled easily. He claimed he was influenced by the group. I don't know what to think. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. [68][bettersourceneeded]. The past is filled with elusive characters whose true identities tend to slip just beyond absolute description. -, Press J to jump to the feed. He was described as of medium height and build with brown eyes and black hair. In 1981, Pakistani scholar Zafar Ishaq Ansari researched Fard's life and claimed that Fard was identical with Muhammad Abdullah, a Pakistani Ahmadiyya Muslim. According to Patrick D. Bowen, a PhD candidate at the University of Denver's Iliff School of Theology, fingerprints and photographs taken from San Quentin Prison matched those of Fard taken during the 1930s in Detroit; furthermore, in San Quentin he almost certainly came in contact with African American Muslim preachers and converts also incarcerated there. Much of what is known about him is shrouded in mystery, and it is difficult to separate fact from mythological stories. [56] In his 1962 book Black Nationalism: The Search for an Identity, Essien-Udom wrote: "Noble Drew Ali was shot and stabbed in his offices at the Unity Club in Chicago on the night of March 15, 1929 He was eventually released on bond, but a few weeks later, he died under mysterious circumstances. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. He gained a reputation as a healer when his customers, after having adhered to the pork-free diet that Fard espoused, began noticing improvements in their health. The FBI opened an investigation into Fard in 1957 and closed it a year later in 1958. Ugh, I've been going back and forth for the past ten minutes trying to decide if I think the pictures in link 1 and link 2 are of the same person. In fact, some of the most mysterious individuals who have graced this Earth have left the most indelible marks upon our books and records. Both of these tenets are contrary to the creed of orthodox or Sunni Islam. Fred gave his age as 23 and his birthplace as Europe. But he's certainly not black like he claimed. And that she is number one to be destroyed. Free maps of USA towns - printable, unique, stylish, souvenir maps for download now! He taught us that the slave-masters had taught us to eat the wrong food and that this is the cause of our sickness and short span of life. Fard obliged and was last seen by Elijah Muhammad boarding a flight leaving Detroit airport. In 1933, Fard disappeared and a power struggle within the NOI emerged. 1768, as located in "California, County Marriages, 18501952", index and images, FamilySearch (, FBI File SAC (100-26356) at 451473, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director FBI (105-63642) at 248, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director, FBI (25-330971) at 258, SAC Chicago (100-35635), Muhammad, Elijah (1964), Historic 1964 Buzz Anderson Interview, The Final Call, Muhammad, Jabril (1993) This is The One The Most Honored Elijah Muhammad We Need Not Look For Another, Vol. Thus ended the FBI investigation into Fard's early life. Since Mr. Fard has been deified, the Temple People raise to the rank of prophet the former Minister of Islam, Elijah Mohammed, now a resident of Chicago. [61], Fard wrote, in his instructions to the leaders of his community, that they should "copy the Answers of Lesson of Minister Elijah Muhammad. He spoke as a guest at the NOI temples in Detroit and Chicago. Fard disappeared in 1934. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. It's strange that he never attempted further contact with his followers, however. In the 1920 United States Census, his race was reported as white, his occupation as a proprietor of a restaurant, and his place of birth as New Zealand. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. He was known usually as Mr. Wali Farrad or Mr. W. D. Fard, though he used also the following names: Professor Ford, Mr. Farrad Mohammed, Mr. F. Mohammed Ali. [25] One such lesson concludes with the text: "This Lesson No. A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. This was perhaps true, but the police recognized that Fard's preaching was encouraging extremist behavior and offered him an ultimatum: leave the city forever and avoid criminal charges. He began to denounce the Bible, criticizing its passages, to the shock of his followers, until eventually he phased out his Bible readings and began teaching from the Quran. Excellent write-up! . [27] "Harris had no standing in the order and was not regarded as a leader. [44], On August 15, 1959, the FBI sent a story to the Chicago New Crusader newspaper, stating that Fard was a "Turkish-born Nazi agent who worked for Hitler in World War II". His fathers name is listed as Zaradodd Ford, his mothers name as Babbjie, and their birthplace as Madrid, Spain. Today, the Nation of Islam teaches that he boarded the Mother Plane and is still alive. Contemporary American Religion. An interesting piece of information that emerged from Elijah Muhammad's son is that Fard was an excellent cook and dietitian. Interestingly she had found a letter among his personal belongings addressed to one "Fred Dodd" of Portland. Fard, they say, was born in 1877, which would make him 53 in 1930. The Nation of Islam state that Muhammad was of African and Arab descent. Who was Wallace Fard and what happened to him? No further birth, marriage, or death records appear to exist for individuals matching Dodd or Muhammad. [23] "Within three years the prophet not only began the movement but organized it so well that he himself was able to recede into the background, appearing almost never to his followers during the final months of his residence in Detroit."[24]. More about myself I will not tell you yet, for the time has not yet come. [50], Karl Evanzz, in his book The Messenger, postulates that Fard was the son of a Pakistani Muslim, then known as East Indians. He further reported that he was a resident alien and citizen of Afghanistan. [30] Evanzz based his account of Fard's life on the declassified portion of the FBI file that he received about a decade after his request. The Noble Drew Ali, the prophet of the Moorish-Americans, proclaimed that these people were 'descendants of Morrocans [Moroccans]'. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. But none can be verified and he is almost certainly long dead now. There is some evidence that Fard lived at least until the 1960s; his alleged lover stated that he had returned to New Zealand. Legends soon sprang up about this mysterious personality. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. This is my own personal theory and it is out there so this is a fair warning: I believe that Ford was a FBI plant sent in as a cointel agent to gather intelligence on the civil rights movement that would getting traction in many inner city's and southern States. [24], According to Beynon, Fard's followers grew to approximately eight thousand. Turner, Richard Brent. He was an adviser of Elijah Muhammad since the late 1950s and was the tutor of his son and successor Warith Deen Mohammed. "[48][dubious discuss] An FBI memorandum dated August 1963 states that the FBI had not been able to verify his birthdate or birthplace, and "he was last heard from in 1934. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. There is only one known, authenticated photograph of "Wallace Fard Muhammad", which depicts him as a light-skinned, caucasian-looking man: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. Reported Aliases of the Messenger and of Wallace D. Ford, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/K8FM-5FP, "Master W. Fard Muhammad and FBI COINTELPRO", "4. I guess so, because if you compare their features (ears, nose, chin, mouth, eyes and eyebrows), they're very similar. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. In as much as Elijah Muhammad recognizes W.D. ", Read more about this topic: Wallace Muhammad. "[62], Fard's lessons actually state that the "traders" referenced by Beynon, came to Africa, not Mecca.[63]. 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